Backpack-based surveying uses portable equipment mounted in a backpack to collect spatial data while walking through an area. This method allows surveyors to map complex or inaccessible environments with flexibility and efficiency. The system typically includes a GNSS receiver, an inertial navigation system (INS), LiDAR sensors, cameras, and data storage units. Surveyors wear the backpack and walk through the survey site, collecting data in real time.
Backpack systems capture 3D data using laser scanning and photogrammetry. These tools record millions of points per second to create detailed point clouds. The GNSS receiver tracks the global position of the user. The INS measures orientation and movement. Together, these sensors ensure accurate positioning even when GNSS signals are weak or lost.
Backpack surveying works well in forests, urban environments, tunnels, and industrial sites. It is ideal for mapping areas where vehicles or drones cannot operate. Surveyors can walk through narrow paths, under dense tree canopies, or inside buildings. This mobility reduces the time needed to capture complex spaces.
The LiDAR sensor emits laser pulses to measure distances to nearby surfaces. Each pulse reflects off objects and returns to the sensor. The system calculates the distance based on the travel time of each pulse. These distances form a detailed 3D model of the surroundings. Cameras can capture high-resolution images to colorize the point cloud.
Backpack-based systems
Backpack-based systems often use simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) technology. SLAM algorithms align the incoming data with previous scans. This process helps the system track its position and build a continuous map. SLAM works especially well in GNSS-denied areas like underground mines or indoor spaces.
Battery-powered backpacks can run for several hours. They allow uninterrupted data collection across large areas. The collected data is stored locally for later processing. Post-processing software corrects errors, aligns scans, and enhances data quality. Surveyors then extract measurements, create maps, or generate 3D models from the processed data.
Backpack systems are lightweight and easy to carry. They reduce physical strain and improve safety in difficult terrain. Some systems allow real-time monitoring through a connected tablet. This feature helps operators check data quality during the survey.
This surveying solution offers flexible, mobile, and accurate data collection. It combines GNSS, INS, LiDAR, and SLAM technologies to map complex environments efficiently. This solution supports diverse applications including construction, forestry, mining, archaeology, and asset management. As technology improves, backpack systems continue to become more compact, more accurate, and easier to use.