UAV – Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Inertial Navigation Sensors for UAV Navigation, and Payload Stabilization & Orientation
An Inertial Navigation System (INS) provides Roll, Pitch and Heading information which are fused with GNSS data for real-time robust navigation even in challenging conditions, near buildings or power lines for example.
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The Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) outputs gyroscopes, accelerometers, and magnetometers raw data. The Attitude and Heading Reference System (AHRS) embeds an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) to deliver orientation data, and the Inertial Navigation System (INS) additionally embeds a GNSS receiver for a filtered position in real-time.
A single antenna is good enough for accurate heading in high dynamics UAV applications, while a 2 antenna GNSS receiver will provide a faster initialization as well as a more precise heading. When the UAV has low dynamics, single antenna is not recommended.
For high dynamics UAV (catapulted for example), we recommend to use the heading based on magnetometers or on “GPS + acceleration” mode. When choosing the accelerometers option, note that the 16 g accelerometer is the best option.